nixpkgs/nixos/modules/virtualisation/containers.nix

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Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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{ config, pkgs, ... }:
with pkgs.lib;
let
runInNetns = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "run-in-netns";
unpackPhase = "true";
buildPhase = ''
mkdir -p $out/bin
gcc ${./run-in-netns.c} -o $out/bin/run-in-netns
'';
installPhase = "true";
};
nixos-container = pkgs.substituteAll {
name = "nixos-container";
dir = "bin";
isExecutable = true;
src = ./nixos-container.sh;
inherit (pkgs) bash socat;
};
in
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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{
options = {
boot.isContainer = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
description = ''
Whether this NixOS machine is a lightweight container running
in another NixOS system.
'';
};
containers = mkOption {
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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type = types.attrsOf (types.submodule (
{ config, options, name, ... }:
{
options = {
root = mkOption {
type = types.path;
description = ''
The root directory of the container.
'';
};
config = mkOption {
description = ''
A specification of the desired configuration of this
container, as a NixOS module.
'';
};
path = mkOption {
type = types.path;
example = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/webserver";
description = ''
As an alternative to specifying
<option>config</option>, you can specify the path to
the evaluated NixOS system configuration, typically a
symlink to a system profile.
'';
};
privateNetwork = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
description = ''
Whether to give the container its own private virtual
Ethernet interface. The interface is called
<literal>eth0</literal>, and is hooked up to the interface
<literal>c-<replaceable>container-name</replaceable></literal>
on the host. If this option is not set, then the
container shares the network interfaces of the host,
and can bind to any port on any interface.
'';
};
hostAddress = mkOption {
type = types.nullOr types.string;
default = null;
example = "10.231.136.1";
description = ''
The IPv4 address assigned to the host interface.
'';
};
localAddress = mkOption {
type = types.nullOr types.string;
default = null;
example = "10.231.136.2";
description = ''
The IPv4 address assigned to <literal>eth0</literal>
in the container.
'';
};
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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};
config = mkMerge
[ { root = mkDefault "/var/lib/containers/${name}";
}
(mkIf options.config.isDefined {
path = (import ../../lib/eval-config.nix {
modules =
let extraConfig =
{ boot.isContainer = true;
security.initialRootPassword = mkDefault "!";
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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networking.hostName = mkDefault name;
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networking.useDHCP = false;
imports = [ ./container-login.nix ];
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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};
in [ extraConfig config.config ];
prefix = [ "containers" name ];
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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}).config.system.build.toplevel;
})
];
}));
default = {};
example = literalExample
''
{ webserver =
{ root = "/containers/webserver";
path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/webserver";
};
database =
{ root = "/containers/database";
config =
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
{ services.postgresql.enable = true;
services.postgresql.package = pkgs.postgresql92;
};
};
}
'';
description = ''
A set of NixOS system configurations to be run as lightweight
containers. Each container appears as a service
<literal>container-<replaceable>name</replaceable></literal>
on the host system, allowing it to be started and stopped via
<command>systemctl</command> .
'';
};
};
config = {
systemd.services = mapAttrs' (name: cfg:
let
# FIXME: interface names have a maximum length.
ifaceHost = "c-${name}";
ifaceCont = "ctmp-${name}";
ns = "net-${name}";
in
nameValuePair "container-${name}" {
description = "Container '${name}'";
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = [ cfg.root ];
path = [ pkgs.iproute ];
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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preStart =
''
mkdir -p -m 0755 ${cfg.root}/etc
if ! [ -e ${cfg.root}/etc/os-release ]; then
touch ${cfg.root}/etc/os-release
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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fi
mkdir -p -m 0755 \
/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-container/${name} \
/nix/var/nix/gcroots/per-container/${name}
''
+ optionalString (cfg.root != "/var/lib/containers/${name}") ''
ln -sfn "${cfg.root}" "/var/lib/containers/${name}"
''
+ optionalString cfg.privateNetwork ''
# Cleanup from last time.
ip netns del ${ns} 2> /dev/null || true
ip link del ${ifaceHost} 2> /dev/null || true
ip link del ${ifaceCont} 2> /dev/null || true
# Create a pair of virtual ethernet devices. On the host,
# we get c-<container-name, and on the guest, we get
# eth0.
set -x
ip link add ${ifaceHost} type veth peer name ${ifaceCont}
ip netns add ${ns}
ip link set ${ifaceCont} netns ${ns}
ip netns exec ${ns} ip link set ${ifaceCont} name eth0
ip netns exec ${ns} ip link set dev eth0 up
ip link set dev ${ifaceHost} up
${optionalString (cfg.hostAddress != null) ''
ip addr add ${cfg.hostAddress} dev ${ifaceHost}
ip netns exec ${ns} ip route add ${cfg.hostAddress} dev eth0
ip netns exec ${ns} ip route add default via ${cfg.hostAddress}
''}
${optionalString (cfg.localAddress != null) ''
ip netns exec ${ns} ip addr add ${cfg.localAddress} dev eth0
ip route add ${cfg.localAddress} dev ${ifaceHost}
''}
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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'';
serviceConfig.ExecStart =
(optionalString cfg.privateNetwork "${runInNetns}/bin/run-in-netns ${ns} ")
+ "${config.systemd.package}/bin/systemd-nspawn"
+ (optionalString cfg.privateNetwork " --capability=CAP_NET_ADMIN")
+ " -M ${name} -D ${cfg.root}"
+ " --bind-ro=/nix/store --bind-ro=/nix/var/nix/db --bind-ro=/nix/var/nix/daemon-socket"
+ " --bind=/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-container/${name}:/nix/var/nix/profiles"
+ " --bind=/nix/var/nix/gcroots/per-container/${name}:/nix/var/nix/gcroots"
+ " ${cfg.path}/init";
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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preStop =
''
pid="$(cat /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/machine/${name}.nspawn/system/tasks 2> /dev/null)"
if [ -n "$pid" ]; then
# Send the RTMIN+3 signal, which causes the container
# systemd to start halt.target.
echo "killing container systemd, PID = $pid"
kill -RTMIN+3 $pid
# Wait for the container to exit. We can't let systemd
# do this because it will send a signal to the entire
# cgroup.
for ((n = 0; n < 180; n++)); do
if ! kill -0 $pid 2> /dev/null; then break; fi
sleep 1
done
fi
'';
reloadIfChanged = true;
serviceConfig.ExecReload =
"${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash -c '"
+ "echo ${cfg.path}/bin/switch-to-configuration test "
+ "| ${pkgs.socat}/bin/socat unix:${cfg.root}/var/lib/root-shell.socket -'";
}) config.containers;
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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# Generate /etc/hosts entries for the containers.
networking.extraHosts = concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (name: cfg: optionalString (cfg.localAddress != null)
''
${cfg.localAddress} ${name}.containers
'') config.containers);
environment.systemPackages = optional (config.containers != {}) nixos-container;
Add support for lightweight NixOS containers You can now say: systemd.containers.foo.config = { services.openssh.enable = true; services.openssh.ports = [ 2022 ]; users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss ..." ]; }; which defines a NixOS instance with the given configuration running inside a lightweight container. You can also manage the configuration of the container independently from the host: systemd.containers.foo.path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo"; where "path" is a NixOS system profile. It can be created/updated by doing: $ nix-env --set -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/containers/foo \ -f '<nixos>' -A system -I nixos-config=foo.nix The container configuration (foo.nix) should define boot.isContainer = true; to optimise away the building of a kernel and initrd. This is done automatically when using the "config" route. On the host, a lightweight container appears as the service "container-<name>.service". The container is like a regular NixOS (virtual) machine, except that it doesn't have its own kernel. It has its own root file system (by default /var/lib/containers/<name>), but shares the Nix store of the host (as a read-only bind mount). It also has access to the network devices of the host. Currently, if the configuration of the container changes, running "nixos-rebuild switch" on the host will cause the container to be rebooted. In the future we may want to send some message to the container so that it can activate the new container configuration without rebooting. Containers are not perfectly isolated yet. In particular, the host's /sys/fs/cgroup is mounted (writable!) in the guest.
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};
}